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All right, so we're
going to make a motor.

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And it's similar to the one that
we use in our hair dryer-- much

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simpler, but similar
principles are involved.

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So we're going to take
a scrap block of wood,

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and we're going to mark
the corners, line to line.

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And we're going to
just do that so we

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can find the center
of the block.

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And that will just give
us a reference point.

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We've got some copper coil here.

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This is magnet wire.

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And that's the same
type of wire that's

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used inside of our motor.

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We're going to use that to
make our field windings.

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And then we're also going to
use some permanent magnets.

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So we need to find
a place that we

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can mount all of these
different things.

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And we need to
determine how we're

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going to set the magnets up.

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So we're going to make sure
that the magnets are oriented so

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that their poles are
opposing one another.

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And I also have
two washers here.

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We're going to use those
washers as bearings.

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And I think we're
going to make our field

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windings about the
size of that cap.

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Now be careful, the
magnets will snap together.

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So now we're just
positioning all our parts

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that we're going to need
and trying to figure out

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where they'll go and how close
they'll need to be together.

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Of course, the cap
is what we're going

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to make our winding around.

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So the washers that are
going to support the winding

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need to be pretty
close to the cap.

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And the permanent magnets
also need to be pretty close.

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So we're just making
our marks here so

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that we can position everything.

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And it's pretty important
that things are lined up

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fairly accurately, otherwise the
winding may not turn smoothly.

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So we determined that
we're going to measure off

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of the center point and about
an inch away from the center

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of the square.

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So now that we have our
intersection points marked,

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we're going to go ahead
and drill our holes.

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We've taped the drill
about 1/2 an inch

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up, so we want the hole to
go in about 1/2 an inch.

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And we're using a 3/16
inch bit on the sides.

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And then we'll use a 1/8 inch
bit for our-- the other sides.

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And the other sides are
going to hold our bearings.

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So these are the bearing screws.

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And we just happen to have
some extra scrap screws,

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so that's what these
screws are from-- or for.

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These actually came
from an Ikea bed.

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And then these are
just some scrap screws

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that we had laying around.

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You can use any screws or nails.

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What's important is that the
screws are lined up right

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and that they're the same level.

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So that will improve the
efficiency of our motor.

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So we're just checking
the level and making

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sure everything's
lined up correctly.

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And now we're going
to take some hot glue

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and get our permanent magnets.

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Make sure that they
are oriented so

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that they are attracted
to one another.

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So we want their opposite
poles facing one another.

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And so we just put some
hot glue on the screw

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and then set the
magnet in there.

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And the main reason
we did it this way

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is that it's really
easy to change

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the position of the
magnets if we need to.

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And we may need to do that.

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So we've got a washer here.

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And again, we're just hot gluing
that washer right in place,

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in a vertical orientation.

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And the hot glue allows
for easy adjustments.

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And so now we're going
to take our bottle cap

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that we had talked
about earlier.

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We're going to wrap our
field coil around it.

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And we're going to go
around it seven times.

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And then once we've got the
coil a fairly good length,

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we have about 3 inches
of wire on either side.

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We'll loop the wire
through and tie it

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off so that it stays
in a consistent loop.

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There we go.

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And then we'll do the
other side as well.

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I'll just loop the wire through.

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And that just kind of holds
the loop together and gives us

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something to connect
with our washers.

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All right, now we're just going
to tape the edges of the wire

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to keep it together.

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And we're just using
electrical tape.

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You can really use any kind of
tape that you happen to have.

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Again, this wire
is insulated, even

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though it doesn't
look like it is.

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It has a thin lacquer
coating on it.

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And so what we need
to do now, in order

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to allow power to
flow through the wire

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and to get it to behave
like an electromagnet,

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is we need to scrape off the
lacquer coating on one side.

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And notice how I'm
rotating the coil.

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That's important.

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If you just have a
thin strip scraped off,

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it may not be enough.

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So you really want to make sure
the entire backside of the wire

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is completely scraped
clean of the insulation.

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And you can feel the difference.

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Once the insulation
is completely gone,

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it's a little rougher than
when it's still there.

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So now we've found out that the
magnet was a little too close.

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And so we are able to take it
off with the hot glue-- just

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pop it off and
then reposition it.

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OK, so we're just making
some fine-tuning adjustments

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with our field there.

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And what's happening
is the power

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flows from the battery through
the washer, into the coil,

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and creates an electromagnet.

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On one side of the coil, it
pushes against the north pole

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magnet.

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On the other side, it pushes
against the south pole magnet.

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Then the-- it causes
the coil to flip over.

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And before it does
that, the electricity

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flows out of the
other end of the coil,

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back to the batteries.

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And then the coil flips over.

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And then the process repeats.

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And so what's happening
is that the coil

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is functioning like
an electromagnetic,

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pushing against our
permanent magnets

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and rotating again and again.

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Now, this coil is just one loop.

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The motor in our hair
dryer had five loops,

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and so it was called
a five-pole motor.

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So now we're going
to see if we can

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use this motor to do some work.

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So we're going to
take our washer here,

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and we're going to just mark
out some circles in paper.

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And we'll take some
scissors, and we're

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going to cut those circles out.

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I'm going to make a little
tiny fan out of this paper.

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Now the motor that we
made isn't super powerful,

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so we have to make a
pretty light and small fan.

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But it does move and
demonstrate the principle.

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So we're just twisting each
of the vanes on the fan

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so that they are--
each of the blades,

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I should say, on the fan so that
they look more like a real fan.

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And we're going to push that
through the end of our coil.

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We'll just put a
little bit of hot glue

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on that to hold it in place.

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And then we'll give
it a whirl and see

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if we can get the motor
to actually spin and do

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some work for us.

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And it's-- there it goes.

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So some interesting experiments
you might want to try

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are, what happens when you
take one of the magnets away?

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If you have the
two on either side,

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what happens when
you take one away?

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What happens when you
rotate the magnets around,

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and they're not
opposite poles facing,

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but they're similar
poles facing?

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If you have enough
magnet wire, you

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might want to try scraping
all of the magnet wire clean

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and seeing what happens
or scraping none of it

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and seeing what happens.

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Does it still turn?

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Why, why not?

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You may also want to take
a look at maybe doing

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multiple windings and
seeing if that changes

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the performance of the motor.

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Hope you've enjoyed it.