1 00:00:01,063 --> 00:00:02,833 - So I got to be honest with you. 2 00:00:02,833 --> 00:00:05,833 Single slit interference is confusing. 3 00:00:05,833 --> 00:00:08,733 In fact, this argument I gave earlier, 4 00:00:08,733 --> 00:00:10,266 first time I heard about this, 5 00:00:10,266 --> 00:00:13,366 I thought this was just mathematical mumbo-jumbo. 6 00:00:13,366 --> 00:00:16,600 I was, like, "What are you talking about? 7 00:00:16,600 --> 00:00:17,800 "This makes no sense." 8 00:00:17,800 --> 00:00:20,600 It seems like you could argue anything like this, 9 00:00:20,600 --> 00:00:21,734 But you can't. 10 00:00:21,734 --> 00:00:23,667 And I'm going to try to show you that in this video. 11 00:00:23,667 --> 00:00:25,500 Specifically, I'm going to try to show you that 12 00:00:25,500 --> 00:00:28,966 this same argument that we made for the destructive points 13 00:00:28,966 --> 00:00:32,436 won't work for the constructive points. 14 00:00:32,436 --> 00:00:33,667 And I think that will help a little bit. 15 00:00:33,667 --> 00:00:37,133 In other words, this half wavelength relationship 16 00:00:37,133 --> 00:00:39,801 won't give the constructive points, not exactly. 17 00:00:39,801 --> 00:00:42,100 It'll give it approximately, but it won't work exactly. 18 00:00:42,100 --> 00:00:43,333 Why? 19 00:00:43,333 --> 00:00:45,467 All right, well, let's look at this. 20 00:00:45,467 --> 00:00:46,838 So let's get rid of all of that. 21 00:00:46,838 --> 00:00:47,933 So let's say we were going to try to 22 00:00:47,933 --> 00:00:51,187 derive the formula for the constructive points. 23 00:00:51,187 --> 00:00:53,670 The first thing I'd do is, I'd say, well, all right, 24 00:00:53,670 --> 00:00:57,301 again, each point on here defracts when it gets to the hole. 25 00:00:57,301 --> 00:00:58,967 I'll have infinitely many sources, 26 00:00:58,967 --> 00:01:00,634 but I can't draw infinitely many 27 00:01:00,634 --> 00:01:03,302 so let's just consider eight again. 28 00:01:03,302 --> 00:01:05,902 One, two, three, four, eight, 29 00:01:05,902 --> 00:01:08,501 I get my interference pattern on the wall, 30 00:01:08,501 --> 00:01:10,701 and this is the graphical representation. 31 00:01:10,701 --> 00:01:13,401 I mean, they're really, like, smudgy lines over here, 32 00:01:13,401 --> 00:01:18,035 but the graphical representation looks something like this. 33 00:01:18,035 --> 00:01:21,301 You'd have a big old bright spot in the middle. 34 00:01:21,301 --> 00:01:23,536 These points on the end, you keep getting them, 35 00:01:23,536 --> 00:01:25,282 but I can't keep drawing them over here. 36 00:01:25,282 --> 00:01:26,301 So it keeps on going. 37 00:01:26,301 --> 00:01:28,108 And I'd pick a constructive point. 38 00:01:28,108 --> 00:01:30,569 Right here, this is a bright spot. 39 00:01:30,569 --> 00:01:33,002 So this, if I had to give a guess for 40 00:01:33,002 --> 00:01:35,501 what point would be totally constructive for all the waves, 41 00:01:35,501 --> 00:01:37,067 I'd say it's that point. 42 00:01:37,067 --> 00:01:39,734 So I'd take my topmost wave, 43 00:01:39,734 --> 00:01:42,735 I'd say it travels a certain distance to this bring spot. 44 00:01:42,735 --> 00:01:44,601 I'd take my wave in the middle, 45 00:01:44,601 --> 00:01:46,836 travels a certain distance to get here. 46 00:01:46,836 --> 00:01:49,766 I'd imagine my line straight down here, 47 00:01:49,766 --> 00:01:52,205 to try to figure out the path length difference. 48 00:01:52,834 --> 00:01:56,566 Now remember, this here is the path length difference. 49 00:01:56,566 --> 00:02:00,234 What should that be in order for these two purple waves 50 00:02:00,234 --> 00:02:02,566 to interfere constructively over here? 51 00:02:02,566 --> 00:02:04,333 It's got to be an integer wavelength. 52 00:02:04,333 --> 00:02:06,433 So one wavelength, two wavelengths ... 53 00:02:06,433 --> 00:02:09,733 since this is the first one from the center, 54 00:02:09,733 --> 00:02:11,500 we'll just say that's one wavelength. 55 00:02:12,515 --> 00:02:14,100 What's the relationship? 56 00:02:14,100 --> 00:02:15,134 We know that. 57 00:02:15,134 --> 00:02:18,434 Remember, the relationship for the path length difference 58 00:02:18,434 --> 00:02:21,100 and the theta, the angle that it's at, 59 00:02:21,100 --> 00:02:23,400 was just d sine theta. 60 00:02:23,400 --> 00:02:28,400 D is, well, the whole width of the hole -- it's a w. 61 00:02:29,633 --> 00:02:32,334 So what width is this? 62 00:02:32,334 --> 00:02:37,069 This width between this source of light and this source 63 00:02:37,069 --> 00:02:39,267 would be w over two. 64 00:02:39,267 --> 00:02:40,428 And the relationship I'd get? 65 00:02:40,428 --> 00:02:41,134 All right. 66 00:02:41,134 --> 00:02:45,703 D is w over two times sine of theta, would equal ... 67 00:02:45,703 --> 00:02:48,766 For this first point, I'd say it's equal to lambda. 68 00:02:48,766 --> 00:02:50,967 So let's just assume these two are interfering 69 00:02:50,967 --> 00:02:53,634 constructively at this point. 70 00:02:53,634 --> 00:02:55,700 And that would give me: 71 00:02:55,700 --> 00:03:00,533 w times sine theta equals two lambda 72 00:03:00,533 --> 00:03:03,869 gives me a constructive point. 73 00:03:03,869 --> 00:03:06,100 Now, I'm already confused. 74 00:03:06,100 --> 00:03:06,967 What? 75 00:03:06,967 --> 00:03:08,733 W sine theta equals two lambda? 76 00:03:08,733 --> 00:03:10,433 Constructive? 77 00:03:11,466 --> 00:03:14,367 We already proved this is a destructive point. 78 00:03:14,367 --> 00:03:17,535 Remember our relationship for the destructive points 79 00:03:17,535 --> 00:03:22,535 that we derived was: w sine theta equals m lambda 80 00:03:24,200 --> 00:03:28,900 as long as m is not zero, but one, two, three, four, five. 81 00:03:28,900 --> 00:03:33,900 These are giving destructive for any m equals one, two, 82 00:03:35,900 --> 00:03:38,835 it could even be negative if you want to consider down here, 83 00:03:38,835 --> 00:03:40,169 any integer. 84 00:03:40,169 --> 00:03:43,166 Looks like we just proved these are constructive. 85 00:03:43,166 --> 00:03:44,866 How are these constructive? 86 00:03:44,866 --> 00:03:46,843 Well, they're not, really. 87 00:03:46,843 --> 00:03:49,600 They kind of are, but watch what happens. 88 00:03:49,600 --> 00:03:50,633 Just, here we go. 89 00:03:50,633 --> 00:03:53,005 So if I follow this argument through, 90 00:03:53,533 --> 00:03:54,501 the thing that fails ... 91 00:03:54,501 --> 00:03:56,333 Our previous argument's fine. 92 00:03:56,333 --> 00:03:58,201 The argument that fails is this current one 93 00:03:58,201 --> 00:03:59,900 with constructive, because yes, 94 00:03:59,900 --> 00:04:02,738 these two are constructive there, but watch. 95 00:04:03,466 --> 00:04:04,600 This point here, now I ... 96 00:04:04,600 --> 00:04:06,367 just remember the game we played. 97 00:04:06,367 --> 00:04:08,400 We said if these two are constructive, 98 00:04:08,400 --> 00:04:10,400 then the rest of them should all be constructive. 99 00:04:10,400 --> 00:04:11,533 Is that so? 100 00:04:11,533 --> 00:04:13,533 Well, let's go down one, let's go down one. 101 00:04:14,533 --> 00:04:16,866 I imagine these two waves getting here. 102 00:04:17,800 --> 00:04:18,976 So far it's looking good. 103 00:04:18,976 --> 00:04:20,932 They're at the same angle. 104 00:04:20,933 --> 00:04:23,000 They're the same distance between them. 105 00:04:23,000 --> 00:04:27,100 I mean, this length here is still w over two. 106 00:04:27,100 --> 00:04:31,633 So I'd still get w over 2, sine of the same angle, 107 00:04:31,633 --> 00:04:33,700 because it's the same point on the wall. 108 00:04:33,700 --> 00:04:36,669 So if w over two is the same, sine of the theta's the same, 109 00:04:36,669 --> 00:04:40,266 then that's got to also be path length difference of lambda, 110 00:04:40,266 --> 00:04:42,833 which means these two blue waves 111 00:04:42,833 --> 00:04:45,333 also interfere constructively. 112 00:04:45,333 --> 00:04:48,233 So this is looking pretty good, which is kind of bad. 113 00:04:48,233 --> 00:04:49,133 I'll show you why. 114 00:04:49,133 --> 00:04:52,500 These two would also be constructive. 115 00:04:52,869 --> 00:04:55,144 Well, is this a constructive point? 116 00:04:55,144 --> 00:04:57,100 Is m equals two a constructive point 117 00:04:57,100 --> 00:04:58,495 or a destructive point in that end? 118 00:04:58,495 --> 00:05:00,034 It's a destructive point. 119 00:05:00,034 --> 00:05:03,266 This argument's failing, and it fails because ... 120 00:05:03,266 --> 00:05:04,300 watch this ... 121 00:05:04,300 --> 00:05:05,600 Even though these two purple ones 122 00:05:05,600 --> 00:05:08,800 interfere constructively over here -- here's a wave cycle. 123 00:05:08,800 --> 00:05:12,134 Even though the two purple ones meet up constructively, 124 00:05:12,134 --> 00:05:14,166 let's say the top one was there, 125 00:05:14,166 --> 00:05:16,733 that means the one in the middle, this one here, 126 00:05:16,733 --> 00:05:18,266 was also at the peak. 127 00:05:18,266 --> 00:05:20,038 So those two interfere constructively. 128 00:05:20,038 --> 00:05:21,167 How about the next two? 129 00:05:21,167 --> 00:05:23,234 Well, those two are going to interfere ... 130 00:05:23,234 --> 00:05:25,533 Now maybe those two are, like, at this point. 131 00:05:26,467 --> 00:05:29,533 They're both constructive, but they're not necessarily 132 00:05:29,533 --> 00:05:31,267 the same as the two purple ones. 133 00:05:31,267 --> 00:05:33,166 And how about the orange ones? 134 00:05:33,166 --> 00:05:34,700 Orange ones might be constructive, 135 00:05:34,700 --> 00:05:37,133 because they're both at the same point in the phase, 136 00:05:37,133 --> 00:05:40,100 but they're not at the same point as all the rest of them. 137 00:05:40,100 --> 00:05:41,300 You can have more. 138 00:05:41,300 --> 00:05:43,479 What about these down here? 139 00:05:43,479 --> 00:05:44,833 Oh, these might be down here. 140 00:05:44,833 --> 00:05:47,800 Those two together are also constructive, 141 00:05:47,800 --> 00:05:49,733 but you see the problem. 142 00:05:49,733 --> 00:05:53,066 Even though these two are constructive, 143 00:05:53,066 --> 00:05:55,733 this one's not constructive with this guy, 144 00:05:55,733 --> 00:05:56,874 and these all add up. 145 00:05:56,874 --> 00:06:00,033 In fact, for the most part, they cancel. 146 00:06:00,033 --> 00:06:01,400 That's why these are so little. 147 00:06:01,400 --> 00:06:06,100 You get these weak, you get these really weak fringes 148 00:06:06,100 --> 00:06:08,077 on the sides of the single slit, 149 00:06:08,077 --> 00:06:09,634 because you're not going to get points 150 00:06:09,634 --> 00:06:12,500 where they all add up really well necessarily. 151 00:06:12,500 --> 00:06:15,567 You get points where a lot of them sort of cancel out. 152 00:06:15,567 --> 00:06:18,367 And it doesn't completely cancel those. 153 00:06:18,367 --> 00:06:21,567 Here's where I lied, for the diffraction grating. 154 00:06:21,567 --> 00:06:23,125 Remember, for the diffraction grating ... 155 00:06:23,125 --> 00:06:24,353 Let me get rid of this. 156 00:06:24,353 --> 00:06:27,567 For the diffraction grating, we had a single line 157 00:06:27,567 --> 00:06:29,700 and we made a ton of holes in it. 158 00:06:29,700 --> 00:06:32,034 And I said that diffraction gratings are great 159 00:06:32,187 --> 00:06:34,466 because, if you come over to here, 160 00:06:34,466 --> 00:06:36,533 you make a ton of holes in here, 161 00:06:36,533 --> 00:06:39,875 instead of getting a smudgy pattern on the wall, 162 00:06:39,875 --> 00:06:42,666 you get a big bright spot right in the middle 163 00:06:42,666 --> 00:06:47,403 and then a well-defined, well-defined, well-defined 164 00:06:47,403 --> 00:06:52,000 on each side of them, evenly spaced, basically just zero 165 00:06:52,000 --> 00:06:55,000 and then extremely sharp. 166 00:06:56,633 --> 00:06:59,904 And then zero and then extremely sharp. 167 00:07:00,438 --> 00:07:02,933 And then zero and extremely sharp. 168 00:07:02,933 --> 00:07:05,300 And the whole argument I made for defraction gradings 169 00:07:05,300 --> 00:07:07,903 was that the reason it's zero in between, 170 00:07:09,466 --> 00:07:11,100 the reason these are giving zero 171 00:07:11,100 --> 00:07:13,167 everywhere except these constructive points 172 00:07:13,167 --> 00:07:15,867 was precisely because ... 173 00:07:16,667 --> 00:07:18,233 we come back over to here ... 174 00:07:20,167 --> 00:07:22,833 was precisely because of this effect right here. 175 00:07:22,833 --> 00:07:26,367 This effect where they, for the most part, cancel. 176 00:07:26,367 --> 00:07:27,433 Now I'm saying, 177 00:07:27,433 --> 00:07:32,400 "Eh, they don't actually completely cancel necessarily." 178 00:07:32,400 --> 00:07:35,968 So these wiggles here are actually 179 00:07:37,206 --> 00:07:39,468 in a defraction grading pattern. 180 00:07:39,468 --> 00:07:41,800 They're just so small and unpronounced, 181 00:07:41,800 --> 00:07:43,940 compared to these, you don't really notice them. 182 00:07:43,940 --> 00:07:44,567 What I'm saying is, 183 00:07:44,567 --> 00:07:47,605 if I wanted to draw this more realistically, 184 00:07:47,605 --> 00:07:50,800 I would definitely have this bright spot right here, 185 00:07:50,800 --> 00:07:55,566 but I'd have this in between small variations, 186 00:07:55,566 --> 00:07:57,833 small points where it becomes a little more, 187 00:07:57,833 --> 00:08:00,400 a little less, constructive or destructive. 188 00:08:00,400 --> 00:08:05,101 What you have for a single slit is this: 189 00:08:05,101 --> 00:08:07,433 just one center bright spot. 190 00:08:07,433 --> 00:08:09,000 It's not going to be as well-defined 191 00:08:09,000 --> 00:08:11,733 because it's a defraction grading, it's a single slit. 192 00:08:11,733 --> 00:08:14,533 But you still get these. 193 00:08:14,533 --> 00:08:17,267 You get these weird wiggles that, for the most part, 194 00:08:17,267 --> 00:08:20,433 you ignore for a defraction grading, but they're there. 195 00:08:20,433 --> 00:08:23,269 And for a single slit, that's kind of all you got. 196 00:08:23,269 --> 00:08:25,567 So, can't really ignore it so much. 197 00:08:25,567 --> 00:08:26,966 Those are going to be there. 198 00:08:26,966 --> 00:08:29,567 It's because these don't completely cancel. 199 00:08:29,567 --> 00:08:31,833 Our argument does not work. 200 00:08:31,833 --> 00:08:33,166 It works in the sense that 201 00:08:33,166 --> 00:08:35,445 two of these might be constructive. 202 00:08:35,445 --> 00:08:38,232 That means, you can pair these off in constructive, 203 00:08:38,232 --> 00:08:42,465 but they won't all be at the same point on their phase, 204 00:08:42,466 --> 00:08:46,033 which would give you a completely constructive point there. 205 00:08:46,033 --> 00:08:47,607 So that's why we don't ... 206 00:08:47,607 --> 00:08:50,500 it's hard to find an exact formula. 207 00:08:50,766 --> 00:08:54,000 What's the formula for the constructive points? 208 00:08:54,000 --> 00:08:57,135 Well, getting this formula -- not quite as simple. 209 00:08:57,135 --> 00:09:00,342 You need to know a little bit more physics to do that. 210 00:09:00,342 --> 00:09:03,933 And so, typically, in introductory physics classes, 211 00:09:03,933 --> 00:09:07,866 you aren't asked to find the exact locations 212 00:09:07,866 --> 00:09:10,966 of the most constructive points over here. 213 00:09:10,966 --> 00:09:14,734 Even these most constructive points partially cancel. 214 00:09:14,734 --> 00:09:18,066 You do know how to find the exact locations 215 00:09:18,066 --> 00:09:20,334 of the destructive points, though. 216 00:09:20,334 --> 00:09:23,500 And, if you wanted an approximate location 217 00:09:23,500 --> 00:09:24,973 of a constructive point, 218 00:09:24,973 --> 00:09:27,433 well, you can find the exact location 219 00:09:27,433 --> 00:09:30,066 of two neighboring destructive points, 220 00:09:30,066 --> 00:09:31,500 which, if you really wanted to, 221 00:09:31,500 --> 00:09:33,400 I mean, the constructive's in there, 222 00:09:33,400 --> 00:09:35,500 approximately in the middle, 223 00:09:35,500 --> 00:09:38,133 if you wanted to get a rough idea. 224 00:09:38,133 --> 00:09:40,200 I can still see some of you being upset, though. 225 00:09:40,200 --> 00:09:40,733 You might say, "Wait. 226 00:09:40,733 --> 00:09:42,366 "Hold on a minute. 227 00:09:42,366 --> 00:09:44,166 "So we're saying this formula's good 228 00:09:44,166 --> 00:09:47,833 "for the destructive points, but is this problem 229 00:09:47,833 --> 00:09:49,733 "we ran into for constructive points 230 00:09:49,733 --> 00:09:52,166 "also a problem for destructive points?" 231 00:09:52,166 --> 00:09:53,877 And it's not. 232 00:09:53,877 --> 00:09:55,682 I doesn't matter if they're at different points 233 00:09:55,682 --> 00:09:57,700 in their phase for the destructive, 234 00:09:57,700 --> 00:09:59,712 because each pair cancels. 235 00:09:59,712 --> 00:10:03,266 In other words, when we ran through this argument 236 00:10:03,266 --> 00:10:05,113 for the destructive points, look at -- 237 00:10:05,113 --> 00:10:09,333 if these two purple ones cancel, then they cancel. 238 00:10:09,333 --> 00:10:12,400 I mean, if one was at the peak, and then the other's 239 00:10:12,400 --> 00:10:16,033 at the trough or the valley, those add up to zero. 240 00:10:16,033 --> 00:10:16,740 They're gone. 241 00:10:16,740 --> 00:10:19,400 Any effect they might have had 242 00:10:19,400 --> 00:10:22,512 on light hitting this point on the screen is gone, 243 00:10:22,512 --> 00:10:23,800 completely negated. 244 00:10:23,800 --> 00:10:25,533 And so, what about the next two, 245 00:10:25,533 --> 00:10:27,466 These two blue ones? 246 00:10:27,466 --> 00:10:30,133 Well, those two, if these two purple ones cancel, 247 00:10:30,133 --> 00:10:32,866 remember the argument went that these two blue ones 248 00:10:32,866 --> 00:10:33,800 would have to cancel. 249 00:10:33,800 --> 00:10:35,433 So no matter where they're at, 250 00:10:35,433 --> 00:10:37,466 they're at some different point on this cycle, 251 00:10:37,466 --> 00:10:40,200 let's say one's here and the other's ... 252 00:10:40,200 --> 00:10:41,473 well, that looked like the same. 253 00:10:41,473 --> 00:10:43,367 So let's say one's here and the other's 254 00:10:43,367 --> 00:10:48,367 at this corresponding 180 degree out-of-phase point. 255 00:10:48,965 --> 00:10:50,271 Well, they still cancel. 256 00:10:50,271 --> 00:10:51,700 That adds up to zero. 257 00:10:51,700 --> 00:10:53,472 And so it doesn't even matter that they're 258 00:10:53,472 --> 00:10:55,200 at different points in their phase. 259 00:10:55,200 --> 00:10:55,966 It doesn't matter. 260 00:10:55,966 --> 00:10:58,200 No matter where they're at, one's 180 degrees 261 00:10:58,200 --> 00:11:01,901 out of phase with the other, every contribution cancels out. 262 00:11:01,901 --> 00:11:05,200 You add up a bunch of zeros, you get zero. 263 00:11:05,200 --> 00:11:07,694 So destructive works fine. 264 00:11:07,694 --> 00:11:10,700 You don't run into the same problem with constructive. 265 00:11:10,700 --> 00:11:12,667 It's a problem for the constructive points 266 00:11:12,667 --> 00:11:15,767 because these might add up to some big number, 267 00:11:15,767 --> 00:11:18,033 and then the blue ones add up to a different number, 268 00:11:18,033 --> 00:11:20,266 and the orange one adds up to a different number, 269 00:11:20,266 --> 00:11:23,200 and then the red ones might add up to a negative number, 270 00:11:23,200 --> 00:11:25,066 and you keep getting these different numbers. 271 00:11:25,066 --> 00:11:27,933 You try to add them all up, well, what do you get? 272 00:11:27,933 --> 00:11:30,200 That's why this formula's not so easy to find. 273 00:11:30,723 --> 00:11:33,739 Adding up zeros, that's easy -- just gives you zero. 274 00:11:33,739 --> 00:11:38,739 So, I hope I showed you that this crazy mumbo-jumbo argument 275 00:11:38,876 --> 00:11:41,105 can't say anything whatsoever. 276 00:11:41,767 --> 00:11:45,834 And hopefully, that gives you a little more justification, 277 00:11:45,834 --> 00:11:47,366 hopefully it makes you believe a little more 278 00:11:47,366 --> 00:11:48,700 into this formula 279 00:11:48,700 --> 00:11:50,800 that we derived for the destructive points. 280 00:11:50,800 --> 00:11:52,533 Those it does work for. 281 00:11:52,533 --> 00:11:55,247 And so, we can find destructive points just fine. 282 00:11:55,247 --> 00:11:57,833 One more thing we can find is the width 283 00:11:57,833 --> 00:12:02,194 of this center bright fringe here, the center bright spot. 284 00:12:02,194 --> 00:12:03,300 It's going to be wide. 285 00:12:03,776 --> 00:12:06,333 And since this goes to m equals one, 286 00:12:06,333 --> 00:12:10,334 now that first destructive is over here, this is wide. 287 00:12:10,334 --> 00:12:15,334 This is, in fact, twice as wide as all of these 288 00:12:15,638 --> 00:12:18,334 between these destructive points. 289 00:12:18,334 --> 00:12:21,041 And how wide is this? 290 00:12:21,041 --> 00:12:22,800 Well, you can find the angle 291 00:12:22,800 --> 00:12:26,064 to this first destructive point up here, m equals one. 292 00:12:26,064 --> 00:12:29,200 You can find it to the m equals negative one. 293 00:12:29,200 --> 00:12:30,586 You do a little trigonometry, 294 00:12:30,586 --> 00:12:32,359 you can actually get this length. 295 00:12:32,359 --> 00:12:34,225 That's another thing you can find exactly, 296 00:12:34,225 --> 00:12:37,000 is the width of this center bright spot, 297 00:12:37,000 --> 00:12:39,700 and the location is right in the center. 298 00:12:40,173 --> 00:12:42,866 But the location of these constructive points up here, 299 00:12:42,866 --> 00:12:45,901 the exact location, that's a little harder. 300 00:12:45,901 --> 00:12:49,069 You can find their width again, because you can find 301 00:12:49,069 --> 00:12:51,302 the locations where they terminate. 302 00:12:51,302 --> 00:12:55,033 But finding where it actually peaks in here, 303 00:12:55,033 --> 00:12:56,500 don't have an exact formula. 304 00:12:56,500 --> 00:12:59,435 We do have an exact formula for the single slit 305 00:12:59,435 --> 00:13:01,369 destructive points. 306 00:13:01,369 --> 00:13:03,833 And that's typically what you're going to have to find 307 00:13:03,833 --> 00:00:00,000 in these problems.